免息炒股配资 Review: S3 Graphics Chrome S27 including MultiChrome_搜狐网

Review: S3 Graphics Chrome S27 including MultiChrome免息炒股配资

by Ryszard Sommefeldt on 20 May 2006, 10:15

Tags: S3 Graphics

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==========

1 - Introduction

2 - S3 Graphics Chrome S27

3 - Board Examination

4 - Presentation and Bundle

5 - System Setup and Notes

展开剩余98%

6 - Testing Issues

7 - Far Cry

8 - Splinter Cell: Chaos Theory

9 - Quake 4

10 - Video Performance

11 - Price, Availability and Warranty

12 - Thoughts, HEXUS.awards and HEXUS.right2reply

Introduction

S3 Graphics still exists. Just thought I'd throw that snippet of info out there at the beginning, just incase you'd forgotten, which you'd be forgiven for. Since becoming a part of Taiwanese silicon behemoth VIA, S3 have steadfastly produced new graphics products, but nowhere near the pace that ATI and NVIDIA set themselves, and which the consumer has largely come to expect.

That their offerings are resolutely mid-range and low-end is fine, and just the way S3 like it we suspect, but it means S3 don't enjoy the top-down 'halo effect' of a super-duper high-end graphics board with all the performance, features, image quality and heatsink mass befitting such expensive bits of PC componentry.

Their fastest ever PC graphics hardware, which we're reviewing today in the very piece you're reading, is some distance away from challenging ATI and NVIDIA in the upper echelons of consumer graphics, and that's just on paper. If history is to be believed, on-paper specs don't always mean too much where S3 Graphics products are concerned.

And without a decent sales presence for their discete boards in many parts of the world, including this one, it's often hard to pick something of theirs up, even if you wanted to and despite any downsides they might have.

A technologist would be forgiven a somewhat dismissive attitude towards the company and their hardware, given all of that. But in the interest of giving their latest product configuration a fair crack of the whip, your author has done what most folks do and forgotten S3 Graphics even exist! Harsh? Yes, of course. But coming at S3 Chrome S27 with 'brand new' eyes means a decent look at what they're doing now, and in the future too. More on that later.

"What's the Multichrome bit in the article title, Rys?", I hear you ask. Ah, yes, S3 Graphics are having a go at dual graphics with S27. Called Multichrome, it's S3's version of SLI or Crossfire, letting you put two GPUs in a supporting platform for accelerated rendering.

So plenty to run you through, then. Given all of the above, are you as interested in seeing what S27's all about, and what single and Multichrome configurations of Chrome S27 have to offer versus their single and dual graphics opponents from ATI and NVIDIA, as I am? If yes, click for the next page and join me in our analysis.

S3 Graphics Chrome S27

We've not covered S27 before in depth, but it is part of the Chrome S20 family which we covered in a quick preview here.

S3 Graphics ChromeS20 overview

Introduction

S3 Graphics ChromeS20 overview

A couple of months ago we were given the opportunity of taking a look at a family of midrange desktop and notebook GPUs. There's nothing surprising in that, as GPU designers often launch parts on a short-term cycle. What was surprising, however, was that they weren't from NVIDIA or ATI; the two industry heavyweights who, for a few years now, have dominated the sales of discrete graphics cards and performance-oriented notebook GPUs. Rather, it wasS3 Graphicswho detailed the upcoming release of its ChromeS20 range of GPUs. At that time, though, S3G was rather guarded when asked questions on clock speeds, basic architecture, and general performance in both 2D and 3D applications.

Time has moved on enough for S3G to spill some of the beans on the range of products that it hopes will do battle in the midrange, discrete graphics card market that's currently dominated by NVIDIA's GeForce 6600 GT and ATI's X800GT/X1300 PRO cards. Even before we take a closer look at what S3G has to offer, it's worth pointing out just what it's up against. The established duopoly have a proven track record of hardware excellence and decent software support. S3G's ChromeS20 range, then, needs to be better than both, available soon and, ideally, cheaper than the competition.

A brief overview

Before NVIDIA and ATI's fairly recent dominance in the discrete graphics card market and related diversification into motherboard core-logic designs, S3 Graphics was a major player in its own right. Recently, though, the company has focussed on releasing a number of new SKUs for the low-end of the market. UniChrome (integrated), DeltaChrome and the PCI-Express-based GammaChrome being the obvious examples, and whilst, in terms of specification, each iteration has often matched NVIDIA and ATI's low-to-midrange GPUs of that time, a lack of partner support and, it has to be mentioned, relatively poor software drivers and game incompatibility have kept its products from the limelight.

S3G's back with its ChromeS20-series of GPUs which currently comprise of the PCIe-based ChromeS25 and ChromeS27, both of which can be configured for either desktop or notebook usage.

3D thoughts

Let's first take a look at the GPUs' specifications with respect to 3D attributes:

We've paired the two main S3G ChromeS20-based boards up against the likely competition from ATI and NVIDIA. Taking the juiciest bits out of the table above, the ChromeS20 series, headed by the ChromeS27, are, surprisingly, manufactured on an advanced, low-k 90nm process by Fujitsu and are compliant with upcoming ROHS legislation (Restriction Of the use of certain Hazardous Substances), meaning they're lead-free and get the thumbs up from the environmental brigade. Both S3G GPUs use native PCI-Express interfaces and have 4 vertex and 8 pixel shaders, although, without direct knowledge of just how powerful and efficient they are, comparisons between them and the established hierarchy is currently just conjecture.

The ChromeS20 line supports shader model 2.0(+) but fall short with respect to SM 3.0 for both pixel and vertex shaders, so no dynamic branching, geometry instancing, or true high-dynamic range lighting, for example. S3G maintains that its next iteration of GPUs will feature SM 4.0 support, as and when that arrives. It's not completely clear just how far beyond SM 2.0 spec. the ChromeS20 series hardware currently stands at, though.

On the plus side, the use of a 90nm manufacturing process has enabled S3G/Fujitsu to crank up core speeds to 700MHz on the ChromeS27 and 600MHz+ on the 'S25. Right now, that makes for the fastest core speeds around, although the correlation between core speed and overall performance is a tenuous one and influenced by many other factors. Cards from the ChromeS20 range can be paired with 3 types of video-card memory, right up to some tasty GDDR3 RAM operating at an effective 1400MHz which, when run through a 128-bit interface, offers around 22.4GB/s of bandwidth before any GPU-induced efficiency is taken into account.

It can be difficult to correctly compare transistor counts between competing products due to the fact that each manufacturer may include certain transistors that others do not. S3G claims a transistor count of between 50-70m, which, as you can see, is considerably lower than both NVIDIA and ATI's competing products. What this and due appreciation of the 90nm manufacturing process gives rise to and not shown on the above graph, is the power requirement of the ChromeS20 range. S3's literature contends that the range-topping ChromeS27, when assessed from a complete card viewpoint, uses between 17-30W, which is impressive for a midrange 3D accelerator. The ChromeS25 is reckoned to need between 15-30W, and a 64-bit (memory interface) version of the same GPU between 10-20W. We expect to see a number of ChromeS2xs use passive heatsinks in desktop models, and we'll no doubt see the entire line duplicated for notebook usage. In the GPU performance-per-watt category, then, S3G should do well.

Whilst we've not formally tested any ChromeS20 SKU ourselves, S3G reckons that the ChromeS27, when evaluated in 3DMark05, should benchmark in the 3,500-mark range. The ChromeS25, S3G contends, will score around 2,500 marks, and the 64-bit version around 1,500 marks. To put this into some kind of comparative context, a default-clocked GeForce 6600 GT benchmarks in at around 3,700 marks. Benchmarking results from a synthetic benchmark give us some idea of GPU strengths, but we'll have to wait and see how the ChromeS20 range performs with a batch of modern games. If recent history is anything to go by, S3G's hardware has stacked up reasonably well against the established competition, but its drivers have left a lot to be desired, with game incompatibility and, sometimes, erroneous rendering far too worrisome to be ignored. S3G states that it has around 300 people working on its software side; we fervently hope that they can do a good a job as ATI or NVIDIA's engineers. The best hardware in the world doesn't count for much if compromised by substandard drivers. Only time and hands-on testing will reveal if S3G's drivers and rendering is up to scratch. The outlook does look good, however, as even 2 months ago S3G was showcasing excellent compatibility with over 40 modern games that you may well have heard of; the list now stretches to around 200, we believe.

The budget ChromeS25 also supports ATI HyperMemory- and NVIDIA TurboCache-like technology, dubbed AcceleRAM, that uses a fixed local framebuffer in conjunction with accesses to the system memory, resulting in a larger framebuffer at minimal cost. In most cases, onboard memory will be scaled down to no more than 32MB, with the rest taken from the system, as and when needed. We expect the ChromeS20 series to support 4X FSAA and 16X AF, and, interestingly, S3G makes reference to a multi-GPU technology under the MultiChrome banner. It promises open platform support with no physical inter-GPU connection between cards; simply plug into two PCIe slots, install the requisite drivers and away you go. Again, it's best-described as paper-talk until we see a final, working solution that's ready to ship to the masses.

2D and connectivity musings

All too often neglected by most when discussing 3D accelerators is the 2D feature-set that's available on modern GPUs. S3G's previous offerings have had robust 2D support, from video playback to connectivity. The ChromeS20 series supports hardware acceleration for high-definition video from both MPEG-2 and WMV HD sources that scale right up to 1080p. There's no mention made of H.264 hardware-based decoding, though, and it's something that we had expected to see present, given just how big an impact it will make on future media and the way it is encoded.

Connectivity-wise, expect to see retail boards outfitted with the regular assortment of ports. DVI, HD15, and S-Video will all be catered for, and we expect the ChromeS27 to ship with at least one dual-link DVI connector, thereby being able to drive the few displays with extra-high resolutions. We'll also have to wait to see if S3G adopts the high-definition connector of choice, HDMI, on retail models. Literature contends that the ChromeS20 offers up to 10-bit component modes, but this seems to be the resolution of the DACs and not, like ATI's Avivo, the entire resolution through the video pipeline. True 10bpc gives rise to around 1.07billion colours. All you need then is a true 10-bit display.

In common with both ATI and NVIDIA, S3G's Chromotion 3.0 engine also offers video scaling (4x4 in this case), adaptive de-interlacing, video de-blocking, and multi-display support.

Thoughts

On paper, S3 Graphics ChromeS20 GPUs take a step in the right direction. The basic hardware seems capable enough of challenging the midrange parts from NVIDIA and ATI, although we can't, as yet, tell just how good it will be in shader-heavy titles. The ChromeS20 initially comprises of two SKUs but a full product roadmap that includes desktop and mobile parts is sure to follow. That's the optimist's way of looking at. A pessimist would argue that S3G doesn't have the best recent track record when it comes to releasing new SKUs with the full software support they deserve. Just take a look at the lack of success 'enjoyed' by S3G's GammaChrome GPU. It, like the ChromeS20, has a solid hardware base that was floored by comparatively insufficient driver support and poor retail availability. S3G needs to ensure that its software support is every bit as good as ATI or NVIDIA's, otherwise the ChromeS20-series, full of potential, will be condemned to the kind of obscurity that the GammaChrome range is in. Having a larger number of card partners that are willing to market its wares wouldn't hurt matters, either.

S3 Graphics has the potential, if executed perfectly from both hardware and software viewpoints, to seriously challenge NVIDIA and ATI's dominance in the midrange 3D market and become the third major player in the sector. Only time and a complete review of the ChromeS20-series will tell if it's achieved it. We await a hands-on test.

I'll expand on Tarinder's spec sheet a bit, here, comparing it to the NVIDIA and ATI GPUs it competes against, as he did.

[advert] Definitely last-gen in terms of D3D9 Shader Model support, S27 makes up for it by using Fujitsu's 90nm low-k manufacturing to clock the chip as high as 700MHz. Paired with memory at the same basic frequency (some 1.4GHz DDR), the 4/8/8 configuration S27 should do decently with what's it has, on paper at least.

It's easy to dismiss the lack of multisample antialiasing on a part like S27, especially in modern games where you'll likely want to use all available GPU power just to shade the basic pixel output, but it is lacking in overall IQ because of it. Ordered-grid supersampling is such a killer of performance that, even on older games where it'd be feasible to turn on AA on boards able to multisample depth to remove aliasing, you'll hesitate before turning it on with S27.

Other than that, it's got the on-paper specs to do something useful in the mid-range and low-end spaces, at the right price point, should image quality be up to snuff. We're happy to report that even without a proper image analysis to visibly demonstrate it, the S27 has good basic IQ available to it, largely via decent texture filtering hardware.

Of course there's multi-GPU available via MultiChrome, and we'll investigate that along with single board performance in due course.

Want a peek at the boards?

Board Examination

The boards supplied by S3 are infact full retail samples, so we'll cover the boards themselves here, then the presentation, bundle and the rest of the package contents in further pages.

First glances tell you the boards are small, barely extending past the width needed to implement the PEG16X slot interconnect. Carrying DVI and analogue VGA, the heatpiped heatsink-fan combination dominates the front of the board, heatpipe extending round to the rear of the board which we'll show you soon.

Noise wise, the 40mm fan atop each board makes barely a whisper, even when the GPU silicon underneath is being worked hot and hard. We can't thank S3's board engineers enough for that.

Looking at the heatsink assembly from the far end of the board, top and bottom, you can see the shiny chromed heatpipe joining to two sides. However effective, we bet it'd be even more so if they used a thermal interface material between pipe and heatsink sections. Almost all other heatpipe designs we've seen here at HEXUS have used a TIM to make sure good thermal transfer takes place, and while it doesn't seem to cause the boards any problem, we'd rather see it than not.

Display output wise, the hardware supports all of the ATSC HDTV display modes and you get the required cabling to facilitate connecting the boards up to a compatible display.

Somewhat disappointingly, but also understandably, the boards sport just one DVI output (single-link), along with an analogue VGA output and the video output port for driving a TV or other external display.

The board uses Samsung's ubiquitous K4J52324QC GDDR3 memories, BC14 rated for just over 700MHz rated running. The board drives them at that nice round figure, giving the GPU ~22GB/sec of memory bandwidth to soak up and utilise.

Summary

Teeny board, good quiet cooling solution, HDTV output (more on which later) and DVI, frugal enough to not need to sip from another connection from your PSU. What more could you want for a cheap mid-range board in the physical and environmental stakes?

Presentation and Bundle

S3 go the girly route to presentation, presenting half the face of some poor lass as enticement. Nice eyes, though, eh? I'm a big fan of clear, easy-to-read box labelling, giving the consumer the best chance of getting what's right for them, and S3 push most of those buttons. Their Chromotion 3.0 video engine gets good box space with a 1080p HDTV logo, hinting at where S3 thinks the S27 will do well, outside of gaming use.

A lone DVI-to-VGA adaptor and the component YPbPr cable is all you get for connecting the S27 to display outputs. The software CD runs to a set of drivers, and the quick install guide and warranty information document are all that's left. Sparse, but fitting.

Performances now.

System Setup and Notes

Hardware

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Software

Notes

Since Multichrome works anywhere you can plug both boards in, there's no chipset choice to be made and Multichrome will work in NVIDIA SLI mainboards, ATI Crossfire mainboards, VIA's K8T890-based boards, Intel i975X and anything else with the requisite slots. We picked the A8N32-SLI out of the hat for testing Multichrome, testing the 6600s on the A8N32 and the X1300 Pros in Crossfire mode on the A8R32-MVP.

Driver defaults were used throughout, and stock clocks were used for all cards. If in-game controls could be used for both antialiasing and anisotropic texture filtering, they were, otherwise the driver was used to force the required levels (if applicable and the game allowed it without rendering errors). Tested resolutions were 1024x768, 1280x1024.

Game tests were run a minimum of three times at each setting, and the median value reported. In the case of manual 'run-through' testing with FRAPS, three consecutive runs that produced repeatable results, after further analysis, were used. If values weren't part of a repeatable set, they were discarded and obtained again.

If you have any questions about our testing methods, please feel free to ask at any time in theHEXUS.community.

Testing Issues

We'd love to report that testing the Chrome S27 in single and multi-GPU situations was trouble free and without issue, but we ran up on some bits and pieces worth telling which are worth considering when looking at the results.

First off, enabling antialiasing in the driver and playing Splinter Cell: Chaos Theory results in the system rebooting. In the same game, turning on hardware shadow mapping results in corrupt shadows. Finally in SC:CT, running the SM2.0 codepath results in incorrect rendering on the main character. S3 say a new driver fixing the SC:CT issues is coming soon.

We benchmarked the S27 using the SM2.0 path in SC:CT, so bear in mind the rendering errors, even if they don't affect performance too much or at all.

The driver doesn't support antialiasing in OpenGL at all.

The driver only supports alternate frame rendering in MultiChrome mode, causing it some performance problems in certain games titles where an alternate mode might be the better choice.

Finally, the driver doesn't support any 50Hz output over component, meaning no 720p/50, 1080i/50 or similar using the YPbPr output cable just yet. The hardware is certainly cable, and S3 are working on a driver update as we speak, although it speaks volumes about the local testing they've done over here to date.

Onwards to the performance results.

Far Cry

Single GPU

The Chrome S27 is marginally quicker than the 6600 DDR2 and then the X1300 in our Far Cry test, with all cards posting similar results with no AA or AF applied.

MultiChrome, SLI and Crossfire

When asked to scale with another board in multi-GPU mode, SLI and Crossfire enable NVIDIA's and ATI's hardware to overtake MultiChrome S27s, S3's driver not doing as much to help -- especially at 1024x768 -- versus the single board results. 30% extra performance was to be had at 1280x1024, though.

Splinter Cell: Chaos Theory

Single GPU

To pair with the rendering errors, S3's hardware and driver also produce substandard performance results in Splinter Cell: Chaos Theory in single GPU mode, compared to their tested competition. The X1300 PRO is some 20% faster at the most playable resolution and the NVIDIA is even faster still.

MultiChrome, SLI and Crossfire

When scaling with another board in multi-GPU mode, MultiChrome nearly doubles the single S27 board performance, although performance still lags behind 6600 DDR2 SLI or X1300 PRO Crossfire.

Quake 4

Single GPU

Quake 4 is kinder on S27, allowing the 700MHz S27 to outrun X1300 PRO at the common LCD resolution of 1280x1024 by 13%. NVIDIA's 6600 DDR2 takes the initial win.

MultiChrome, SLI and Crossfire

MultiChrome doesn't do anything for the 1024x768 performance, but increases 1280x1024 performance by 12%. But when you see SLI scaling at 30% at the same resolution with the 6600 DDR2 boards, and even a single 6600 DDR2 almost outrunning MultiChrome S27s, the merit to adding the 2nd S27 is gone.

Video Performance

S3 advertise the S27 as having built-in WMV9 HD acceleration, so we tested playback using Windows Media Player 10 and the 10Mib/sec Alexander trailer at 1920x1080p. The hardware reduced CPU usage, but only by a small amount, although inline with decreases we saw on the ATI and NVIDIA hardware performance the same playback.

The hardware doesn't accelerate playback of the popular H.264 profiles supported by HD-DVD or Blu-Ray, however, unlike ATI and NVIDIA with their more programmable video processing hardware on competing GPUs.

However, for WMV9 HD or regular SD video, including DVD playback, there's acceleration and comprehensive over/underscan adjustment, component output as mentioned previously, along with extra zoom options for full-screen video. However, recent testing shows that Chromotion 3.0, S3's latest video technology on S27, isn't that great at DVD playback [site:techreport.com] when compared to common rivals from ATI and NVIDIA.

So some benefits to choosing an S27 for video playback, but also some demonstrable downsides.

Price, Availability and Warranty

S3 Chrome S27, in either 128MiB or tested 256MiB flavours, aren't quite available in the UK yet, but S3 are working on it. They're quoting an initial price for the of £44.50 plus dreaded VAT, bringing it to just over £52 all in. They only gave us one online store that'll be selling it over here -- EConline.co.uk -- for that price, and presently they don't have any stock levels. Shipping seems to be just shy of £9 from EConline.

That puts the S3 Chrome S27 MiB squarely in between current pricing for GeForce 6600 DDR2 and lesser 6200 models, TurboCache or otherwise, and a few pounds short of Radeon X1300 PRO boards with 256MiB.

Paired with a cheap dual PEG16X boards like the Asrock 939SLI32-eSATA2, dual graphics with Chrome S27s is doable for under £170, although MultiChrome's performance counts against it in the desirability stakes.

For our readers in the US, Newegg carry both models with the tested 256MiB boards in stock and fully available at $99.99, here.

GeForce 6600 DDR2 and 6600 GT are the same price or just than $15 more expensive (6600 GT), and Radeon X1300 PROs are plentifully available between $83 and the S27 256MiB's price of $99.99 on Newegg, too.

S3's website ats3graphics.commakes no mention as to the warranty period for their hardware, and Newegg's product page for the hardware says nothing about it either. More data as we get it.

Thoughts, HEXUS.awards and HEXUS.right2reply

Concluding on the current state of S3 Graphics Chrome S27 is pretty easy. There are better products out there for the same or less money from ATI and NVIDIA. And while it's not nice to say so, since another executing competitor in the mid-range and low-end consumer space would be brilliant, it's the current reality. Seems we have to wait yet another generation before S3 Graphics brings something to the table worth considering, versus what's out there from the top two.

It's behind in a DirectX Shader Model, can't match the absolute IQ of NVIDIA and ATI (especially) boards, has driver bugs that really shouldn't be driver bugs and, most importantly for the target market, isn't quite there on price/performance.

While the board itself seems cheap at £55/$99 all in, Radeon X1300 PRO is as cheap or cheaper, performs as well, has a better driver and possible IQ, and scales much better in multi-GPU mode.

The GPU itself is frugal, largely by virtue of its tiny size and production process used to build it, and the cooling solution provided is excellent, but even if that were enough to spark a purchasing notion in someone interested, it remains mostly unavailable outside of the US and the Far East.

MultiChrome doesn't work as well as SLI or Crossfire, leaving the purchase of a second board a far away notion. Lastly, video playback is currently flawed, despite some excellent software adjustability, and without the quality of its competitors.

The open-mind tactic didn't elicit the response I was hoping for with Chrome S27 and MultiChrome, sadly, and therefore we wait for the next gen to see if they have something that can better compete.

From what we've heard from S3, they have something pretty sweet on the cards for Vista's timeframe (whatever that may be) and D3D10, but can't elaborate on it too much, especially publically. We caution S3 that, should the next lot of hardware be as good as we hope it is, giving us a 3rd 3D IHV to consider, they make sure the driver and supporting software doesn't have the rough edges the current driver and software does.

So an interesting product, one that improves on the old GammaChrome product generation pretty significantly, but one which doesn't move the game on enough to challenge competing (and massively more available) products in the same price space.

Too many flaws in silicon and software to recommend, we're sad to say.

HEXUS Awards

HEXUS Right2Reply

At HEXUS we invite the vendors whose hardware we test to comment on our articles. If S3 Graphics choose to do so, we'll publish their commentary verbatim.

翻译：评测：S3 Graphics Chrome S27（含MultiChrome技术）

作者：Ryszard Sommefeldt 发布于2006年5月20日 10:15

标签：S3 Graphics

快速链接：HEXUS.net/qafqq

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页面跳转：

==========

1 - 引言

2 - S3 Graphics Chrome S27显卡

3 - 电路板检测

4 - 外观与配件

5 - 系统配置与注意事项

6 - 测试问题

7 - 《孤岛惊魂》

8 - 《细胞分裂：混沌理论》

9 - 《雷神之锤4》

10 - 视频性能

11 - 价格、供货与保修

12 - 总结、HEXUS.awards与HEXUS.right2reply

引言

S3 Graphics依然存在。开篇先抛出这条信息，以防您已遗忘——若真如此也情有可原。自并入台湾芯片巨头威盛集团后，S3始终稳步推出新显卡产品，但其研发速度远不及ATI与NVIDIA设定的行业标杆，更与消费者普遍期待的更新节奏存在差距。

其产品定位始终坚守中低端市场，这本无可厚非——我们推测这正是S3的战略选择。但这也意味着S3无法享受顶级高端显卡带来的“光环效应”：那些配备顶级性能、丰富功能、卓越画质和巨型散热器的昂贵PC组件，才能真正体现高端显卡的价值。

我们正在评测的这款史上最快PC显卡（即本文所论产品），即便在纸面参数层面，距离挑战ATI与NVIDIA在消费级显卡高端市场的地位仍相去甚远。若历史经验可资借鉴，S3显卡产品的纸面规格往往意义有限。

更何况，包括中国在内的全球多地，其独立显卡产品线缺乏完善的销售渠道，即便消费者有意购买，也常因渠道问题难以入手——即便产品存在缺陷。

鉴于上述种种，技术人员对该公司及其硬件略显轻视的态度实属情有可原。但为公平评估其最新产品配置，笔者采取了多数人的做法——彻底遗忘了S3 Graphics的存在！严苛吗？当然。但以“全新视角”审视S3 Chrome S27，恰能清晰洞察其当前动向乃至未来布局。更多内容稍后详述。

“Rys，文章标题里的Multichrome是什么？”我仿佛听见你的疑问。啊，没错，S3 Graphics正通过S27尝试双显卡技术。这项名为Multichrome的技术相当于S3版的SLI或Crossfire，允许在支持平台上搭载两块GPU实现加速渲染。

以上内容已足够详尽。基于这些信息，你是否和我一样渴望了解S27的全部特性？想知道Chrome S27在单显卡与Multichrome配置下，与ATI及NVIDIA同类单显卡/双显卡方案相比究竟有何优势？若答案是肯定的，请点击进入下一页，与我共同展开深度解析。

S3 Graphics Chrome S27

此前我们虽未深度解析S27，但它属于Chrome S20系列——我们曾在此处进行过快速预览。本文将延续Tarinder的规格表，对其与竞争对手NVIDIA及ATI显卡进行对比分析。

S3 Graphics ChromeS20 概述

作者：Tarinder Sandhu 发布于 2005年11月3日 13:02

标签：S3 Graphics

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页面跳转：========== 1 - 引言 2 - 简要概述

引言

S3 Graphics ChromeS20 概述

数月前，我们有幸接触到一款中端台式机与笔记本显卡产品线。这本不足为奇——显卡设计商通常采用短期产品周期。令人意外的是，这些产品并非来自NVIDIA或ATI：这两家行业巨头多年来始终主导着独立显卡及高性能笔记本显卡市场。揭晓产品线的是S3 Graphics公司，其详细介绍了即将发布的ChromeS20系列GPU。不过当时面对关于时钟频率、基础架构以及2D/3D应用性能等问题的询问，S3G仍保持着谨慎态度。

时至今日，S3G终于透露了部分产品细节。该系列产品旨在进军当前由NVIDIA GeForce 6600 GT和ATI X800GT/X1300 PRO显卡主导的中端独立显卡市场。在深入剖析S3G的产品前，有必要先明确其竞争对手的实力。两大巨头凭借卓越的硬件实力和完善的软件支持建立了稳固的双寡头格局。因此，S3G的ChromeS20系列必须在性能上超越两者，尽快上市，且理想情况下价格更具竞争力。

简要概述

在NVIDIA和ATI近期主导独立显卡市场并向主板核心逻辑设计领域扩张之前，S3 Graphics曾是行业巨头。但近年来该公司专注于为低端市场推出多款新产品。UniChrome（集成显卡）、DeltaChrome以及基于PCI-Express的GammaChrome便是典型例证。尽管从规格上看，每代产品常能匹敌当时NVIDIA和ATI的中低端GPU，但合作伙伴支持不足，以及必须提及的驱动程序相对欠佳和游戏兼容性问题，始终使其产品未能成为市场焦点。

如今S3G携ChromeS20系列显卡卷土重来，当前包含基于PCIe接口的ChromeS25与ChromeS27两款产品，均可适配台式机或笔记本平台。

3D性能解析

首先从3D属性角度审视这些显卡的规格参数：

型号

S3G ChromeS27

S3G ChromeS25

ATI RADEON X1300 PRO

GeForce 6600/GT

着色器模型

2.0+

3.0

原生接口

PCI-Express

板载内存

最高256MB

256MB

最高256MB

内存类型

GDDR1, GDDR2, GDDR3

GDDR3（初期）

GDDR1, GDDR2, GDDR3

核心频率

700MHz

600MHz+

600MHz

500MHz

制造工艺

90纳米

110纳米

晶体管数量

50-70百万

105百万

146百万

像素着色器

顶点着色器

填充率（多纹理）

5.6GTexels/s

4.8G+Texels/s

2.4GTexels/s

4.02GTexels/s

内存接口

128位

128位/64位

128位

内存频率

1400MHz

800MHz

1000MHz

内存带宽（最大）

最高22.4GB/s

12.8GB/s

16GB/s

抗锯齿与各向异性过滤

未知

6倍AA，16倍AF)

8倍AA，16倍AF

多GPU技术

MultiChrome - 详情未知

CrossFire

SLI

预计价格

<85英镑？

<70英镑？

100英镑

80英镑

我们将两款基于S3G ChromeS20芯片的主板与ATI和NVIDIA的潜在竞争产品进行了对比。从上表中提取关键信息：由ChromeS27领衔的ChromeS20系列，令人惊讶地采用富士通先进的低介电常数90纳米工艺制造，并符合即将实施的《限制有害物质指令》(ROHS)标准——这意味着它们采用无铅工艺，获得了环保组织的认可。两款S3G GPU均采用原生PCI-Express接口，配备4个顶点着色器和8个像素着色器。但由于缺乏对其性能与能效的直接数据，目前将其与现有产品线进行比较仍属推测。

ChromeS20系列支持着色器模型2.0(+)，但在像素着色器和顶点着色器方面均未达到SM 3.0标准，因此无法实现动态分支、几何实例化或真实高动态范围光照等功能。S3G宣称其下一代GPU将支持SM 4.0标准（待该标准发布时）。不过，ChromeS20系列硬件当前究竟超越SM 2.0规范的程度尚不明确。

值得肯定的是，采用90纳米制造工艺使S3G/富士通得以将ChromeS27的核心频率提升至700MHz，S25系列则突破600MHz大关。目前这已是业界最高核心频率，不过核心频率与整体性能之间的关联性较弱，且受诸多其他因素影响。ChromeS20系列显卡可搭配三种显存类型，最高支持运行频率达1400MHz的GDDR3显存。通过128位接口传输时，其带宽可达22.4GB/s（未计入GPU效率损耗）。

由于各厂商可能采用不同晶体管配置，准确比较竞品晶体管数量存在难度。S3G宣称其晶体管数量介于5000万至7000万之间，如图所示，该数值远低于NVIDIA和ATI的竞品。上述图表未体现的另一关键因素，在于90纳米制程带来的功耗优势。S3官方资料显示，旗舰型号ChromeS27在完整显卡评估中功耗仅为17-30瓦，对于中端3D加速器实属出色表现。ChromeS25的功耗预计在15-30W之间，而采用64位内存接口的同款GPU版本功耗则在10-20W。我们预计多款ChromeS2x系列产品将在台式机型号中采用被动散热器，且整个产品线无疑将同步推出笔记本版本。因此在GPU能效比领域，S3G表现应相当出色。

虽然我们尚未正式测试任何ChromeS20型号，但S3G估计ChromeS27在3DMark05测试中应能达到3500分左右。据S3G称，ChromeS25的得分约为2500分，而64位版本约为1500分。为便于对比参考，默认频率的GeForce 6600 GT显卡基准测试分数约为3700分。合成基准测试结果虽能反映GPU性能优势，但ChromeS20系列在现代游戏中的实际表现仍需后续验证。若以近期表现为参考，S3G硬件虽能与主流竞品抗衡，但其驱动程序存在诸多缺陷——游戏兼容性问题频发，渲染错误时有发生，这些隐患不容忽视。S3G宣称拥有约300名软件工程师，我们殷切期盼他们能达到ATI或NVIDIA工程师的水准。若驱动程序质量欠佳，纵使拥有全球顶尖硬件也难有作为。唯有时间与实测才能验证S3G驱动程序与渲染性能是否达标。不过前景确实乐观——两个月前S3G就已展示出对40余款知名现代游戏的出色兼容性，而如今兼容游戏列表据信已扩展至约200款。

入门级ChromeS25同样支持类似ATI HyperMemory和NVIDIA TurboCache的技术，该技术被命名为AcceleRAM。它通过结合固定本地帧缓冲区与系统内存访问机制，以极低成本实现更大容量的帧缓冲区。多数情况下，板载内存将缩减至不超过32MB，其余部分将根据需求从系统内存中动态调用。我们预计ChromeS20系列将支持4倍全屏抗锯齿（FSAA）和16倍各向异性过滤（AF）。值得注意的是，S3G提及了名为MultiChrome的多GPU技术。该方案承诺开放平台支持，无需物理连接多张显卡：只需插入两个PCIe插槽，安装必要驱动即可运行。当然，在看到最终可量产的实际解决方案前，这些仍属纸上谈兵。

2D功能与连接性探讨

讨论3D加速器时，现代GPU的2D功能常被忽视。S3G历代产品均具备强大的2D支持，涵盖视频播放至连接性。ChromeS20系列支持MPEG-2与WMV高清源的硬件加速，分辨率可达1080p。但未提及H.264硬件解码功能——鉴于该技术对未来媒体编码方式的深远影响，我们原本预期其会成为标配。

在连接性方面，零售版主板将配备常规接口组合。DVI、HD15和S-Video接口均有覆盖，我们预计ChromeS27至少会配备一个双链路DVI接口，从而支持少数超高分辨率显示器。至于S3G是否会在零售版中采用主流高清接口HDMI，尚需观察。官方资料称ChromeS20支持最高10位分量模式，但这似乎仅指DAC的处理精度，而非像ATI Avivo那样覆盖整个视频管道的完整分辨率。真正的10位每通道（10bpc）可呈现约10.7亿种色彩。此时您只需配备真正的10位显示器即可。

与ATI和NVIDIA相同，S3G的Chromotion 3.0引擎同样提供视频缩放（此处为4x4）、自适应去隔行处理、视频去块处理及多显示器支持。

观点

从纸面参数看，S3 Graphics ChromeS20 GPU迈出了正确的一步。基础硬件配置足以挑战NVIDIA和ATI的中端产品，不过目前还无法判断它在着色器密集型游戏中的表现如何。ChromeS20最初包含两个SKU，但完整的路线图肯定会涵盖桌面和移动产品线——这是乐观派的看法。悲观者则会指出，S3G在为新品提供完善软件支持方面近期表现欠佳。其GammaChrome GPU的惨淡表现便是明证——该产品与ChromeS20同样拥有扎实的硬件基础，却因驱动支持不足和零售渠道匮乏而黯然失色。S3G必须确保其软件支持能与ATI或NVIDIA比肩，否则潜力巨大的ChromeS20系列将步GammaChrome后尘沦为冷门产品。若能吸引更多显卡合作伙伴积极推广其产品，无疑将事半功倍。

若能在软硬件层面实现完美执行，S3 Graphics完全有潜力对NVIDIA和ATI在中端3D市场的霸主地位发起有力挑战，成为该领域第三大巨头。唯有时间和对ChromeS20系列的全面评测才能验证其成败。我们期待亲身体验测试。

规格参数S3 Chrome S27NVIDIA NV43ATI RV515工艺制程富士通90纳米台积电110纳米台积电90纳米芯片面积未知150平方毫米100平方毫米晶体管数量~6000万1.43亿1亿DirectX着色器模型2.03.03.0基础GPU配置（VP/FP/ROP） 4/8/84/8/42/4/4顶点着色器VS2.0, 5D FP32, MADDVS3.0, 5D FP32, MADD, 纹理贴图, 分支VS3.0, 5D FP32, MADD, 分支片段着色器PS2.0, 4D FP24, MADD, texldPS3.0, 4D FP32, ADD + MADD, texld, 分支PS3.0, 4D FP32, ADD + MADD, texld, 分支ROP4x 整数OGSS (1采样/周期), 1x Z4x 整数MSAA (2采样/周期), 2x Z, FP/FX16混合器6x FP MSAA（2采样/周期），2x Z缓冲器， FP/FX16混合器内存接口128位，交叉开关，GDDR→GDDR3128位，交叉开关，GDDR→GDDR3128位外部，交叉开关，GDDR→GDDR4纹理处理8采样器，8 FP24地址，双线性基准滤波器，最高16倍各向异性8采样器， 8个FP32地址，双线性基准滤波，最高16倍各向异性4采样器，4个FP32地址，双线性基准滤波，最高16倍各向异性显示输出1个单链路DVI-D TMDS，1个模拟VGA2个单链路DVI-D TMDS，PureVideo2个双链路DVI-D TMDS，Avivo

S27在Direct3D 9着色器模型支持方面确实属于上一代产品，但它采用了富士通90纳米低介电常数工艺，使芯片频率高达700MHz，从而弥补了这一不足。搭配同频内存（约1.4GHz DDR），这款采用4/8/8配置的S27至少在纸面上表现尚可。

虽然现代游戏往往需要调动全部GPU算力来处理基础像素渲染，因此容易忽视S27这类芯片缺乏多采样抗锯齿功能的问题，但这确实导致其整体图像质量有所欠缺。有序网格超采样对性能的杀伤力极强，即便在老游戏中——那些能通过深度多采样消除锯齿的显卡本可开启抗锯齿功能——使用S27时你也会犹豫是否启用该功能。

除此之外，若成像质量达标，这款显卡凭借纸面参数在合理价位区间确实能为中低端市场提供实用价值。值得欣慰的是，即便缺乏专业图像分析的直观佐证，S27仍展现出扎实的基础成像素质，这主要得益于其出色的纹理过滤硬件。

当然，通过MultiChrome技术可实现多GPU协同工作，我们将在后续测试中同步评估单卡性能与多卡方案。

想先睹为快？

主板详解

S3提供的实为完整零售版样品，本文将重点剖析主板本身，后续页面将展示包装设计、配件组合及完整套装内容。

初看便知主板尺寸紧凑，仅略微超出实现PEG16X插槽互连所需的宽度。主板前端由DVI接口、模拟VGA接口及占据主导地位的热管散热风扇组合构成，热管延伸至主板背面——稍后我们将展示该区域。

噪音方面，每块板卡顶部的40毫米风扇运转时几乎无声，即便底层GPU硅片处于高温高负荷工作状态亦是如此。对此我们不得不对S3的板卡工程师们表示由衷感谢。

从板卡远端观察散热器组件的顶部和底部，可见闪亮的镀铬热管连接至两侧。尽管散热效果出色，但若能在热管与散热片间添加导热界面材料，效果必将更佳。HEXUS评测过的几乎所有热管设计都采用导热膏确保热量高效传递，虽然当前方案未引发问题，但我们仍更倾向于看到导热材料的应用。

显示输出方面，硬件支持所有ATSC高清电视显示模式，并附赠必要线缆以连接兼容显示设备。

略显遗憾但情有可原的是，该显卡仅配备单路DVI输出（单链路）、模拟VGA输出及驱动电视等外接显示器的视频输出端口。

显卡采用三星广泛应用的K4J52324QC GDDR3内存，BC14规格支持700MHz以上运行频率。板载频率设定为整数值700MHz，为GPU提供约22GB/秒的内存带宽。

总结

小巧板型、高效静音散热方案、HDTV输出（详见后文）及DVI接口，功耗节制到无需额外电源接口供电。对于一款注重物理尺寸与环保性能的平价中端显卡，还能要求什么呢？

包装与配件

S3选择女性化包装路线，以某位可怜姑娘的半张脸作为卖点。不过那双眼睛倒是很美，对吧？我向来推崇清晰易读的包装标识，让消费者能精准选择适合的产品，而S3在这方面做得相当到位。包装上醒目展示的Chromotion 3.0视频引擎与1080p高清电视标识，暗示着S3认为S27在游戏之外的领域同样大有可为。

连接显示输出的配件仅包含单个DVI转VGA转接器和分量YPbPr线缆。软件光盘内置驱动程序，快速安装指南与保修说明构成全部附件。配置虽简，却恰到好处。

接下来是性能表现。

系统配置与备注

硬件

S3 Chrome S27 Multichrome测试平台

处理器AMD Athlon 64 X2 3800+

2.0GHz双核，每核512KiB二级缓存，曼彻斯特工艺主板华硕A8N32-SLI（nForce4 SLI x16芯片组）

华硕A8R32-MVP (ATI Xpress 3200)内存1GiB；OCZ OCZ4001024V25DC-K DDR400超值系列内存时序2.5-4-4-8 @ 400MHz，2TBBIOS版本1103 (A8N32-SLI)

0404 (A8R32-SLI)硬盘驱动器160GB 希捷 Barracuda ST3160812AS 7200.9 SATA显卡2x S3 Chrome S27 (700/700)

2 x NVIDIA GeForce 6600 DDR2 (350/400)

2x ATI Radeon X1300 PRO (600/400)显卡驱动程序S3 6.14.10.2216-15.18.05l

NVIDIA ForceWare 84.21

ATI 8.231-060221a1-030895C-ATI (CATALYST 6.3) 操作系统Windows XP Professional SP2 32位

软件

游戏软件

孤岛惊魂

雷神之锤4

细胞分裂：混沌理论

注释

由于Multichrome可在任意支持双显卡插槽的主板上运行，无需考虑芯片组选择。该技术兼容NVIDIA SLI主板、ATI Crossfire主板、基于VIA K8T890芯片组的主板、Intel i975X主板以及任何具备必要插槽的主板。本次测试随机选用A8N32-SLI主板进行Multichrome测试，在A8N32上测试6600显卡，并在A8R32-MVP上以交火模式测试X1300 Pro显卡。

全程采用驱动默认设置，所有显卡均使用默认频率运行。若游戏内控制项支持抗锯齿与各向异性纹理过滤功能，则优先启用；否则通过驱动强制设置所需级别（在游戏允许且不引发渲染错误的前提下）。测试分辨率为1024x768与1280x1024。

每项设置下均至少运行三次游戏测试，并记录中位数值。采用FRAPS手动“全程”测试时，经进一步分析后，取三次连续运行且结果可重复的测试数据。若数值不属于可重复数据集，则予以弃用并重新获取。

若对测试方法存疑，欢迎随时在HEXUS社区提出。

测试问题

我们本希望报告Chrome S27在单/多GPU环境下的测试过程完全顺畅无误，但实际遇到若干值得说明的细节，这些情况在解读测试结果时需予以考量。

首先，在驱动程序中启用抗锯齿功能并运行《细胞分裂：混沌理论》会导致系统重启。在同一游戏中，开启硬件阴影贴图会造成阴影显示异常。最后在《细胞分裂：混沌理论》中，运行SM2.0代码路径会导致主角渲染错误。S3表示修复《细胞分裂：混沌理论》问题的全新驱动即将发布。

我们在《细胞分裂：混沌理论》中采用SM2.0渲染路径对S27进行基准测试，请注意渲染错误的存在——尽管这些错误对性能影响甚微甚至可忽略。

该驱动程序完全不支持OpenGL中的抗锯齿功能。

驱动程序仅在MultiChrome模式下支持隔帧渲染，导致某些游戏出现性能问题，而这些游戏本可通过其他模式获得更佳表现。

最后，该驱动暂不支持分量接口的50Hz输出，即目前无法通过YPbPr输出线实现720p/50、1080i/50等格式。硬件本身完全支持该功能，S3公司正在紧急开发驱动更新——尽管这充分暴露了他们迄今为止本地测试的严重不足。

接下来进入性能测试环节。

孤岛惊魂

单GPU模式

在孤岛惊魂测试中，Chrome S27的性能略优于6600 DDR2显卡，紧随其后的是X1300。所有显卡在未启用抗锯齿与各向异性过滤时均呈现相近表现。

MultiChrome、SLI与Crossfire模式

在多GPU模式下，SLI和Crossfire技术使NVIDIA与ATI的硬件性能超越MultiChrome S27组合，而S3显卡驱动在提升单卡性能方面表现欠佳——尤其在1024x768分辨率下。不过在1280x1024分辨率下，整体性能提升了30%。

细胞分裂：混沌理论

单GPU模式

除渲染错误外，S3硬件与驱动在单GPU模式下运行《细胞分裂：混沌理论》时，性能表现亦逊于竞品。X1300 PRO在最佳可玩分辨率下快约20%，NVIDIA显卡则表现更佳。

MultiChrome、SLI与Crossfire

在多GPU模式下与另一块显卡协同工作时，MultiChrome的性能几乎达到单块S27显卡的两倍，但仍落后于6600 DDR2 SLI或X1300 PRO Crossfire组合。

雷神之锤4

单GPU模式

雷神之锤4对S27更为友好，在常见的1280x1024液晶分辨率下，700MHz版S27以13%的优势超越X1300 PRO。NVIDIA的6600 DDR2则在初始测试中胜出。

MultiChrome、SLI与Crossfire

MultiChrome对1024x768分辨率的性能毫无提升，但在1280x1024分辨率下可提升12%的性能。然而当看到6600 DDR2主板在相同分辨率下实现30%的SLI性能提升，甚至单张6600 DDR2显卡几乎超越MultiChrome S27组合时，添加第二张S27的价值便荡然无存。

视频性能

S3宣称S27内置WMV9高清加速功能，因此我们使用Windows Media Player 10播放10Mb/s的《亚历山大》预告片（1920x1080p分辨率）进行测试。硬件确实降低了CPU占用率，但幅度有限，与ATI和NVIDIA硬件在相同播放场景下的降幅基本一致。

该硬件无法加速HD-DVD或蓝光光碟支持的流行H.264编码格式播放，这与竞争对手采用可编程视频处理硬件的ATI和NVIDIA显卡存在差异。

但对于WMV9高清或普通标清视频（含DVD播放），该硬件支持加速处理、全面的过扫描/欠扫描调节、前述分量输出功能，以及全屏视频的额外缩放选项。不过近期测试表明，S3在S27上搭载的最新视频技术Chromotion 3.0在DVD播放表现上[来源：techreport.com]不及ATI和NVIDIA的常见竞品。

因此选择S27进行视频播放虽有优势，但也存在明显短板。

价格、供货与保修

S3 Chrome S27（128MiB或测试版256MiB规格）尚未在英国全面上市，但S3正积极推进。厂商给出的起售价为44.50英镑（不含令人头疼的增值税），含税总价略超52英镑。目前仅有一家英国线上商店——EConline.co.uk——以该价格销售，且当前无库存。EConline的运费约为9英镑。

这使得S3 Chrome S27 MiB显卡的价格定位恰好介于当前GeForce 6600 DDR2与低端6200系列（含TurboCache技术或非TurboCache技术）之间，仅比配备256MiB显存的Radeon X1300 PRO显卡便宜几英镑。

若搭配廉价的双PEG16X主板（如华擎939SLI32-eSATA2），双Chrome S27显卡方案可在170英镑内实现，不过MultiChrome功能的性能表现会影响其吸引力。

美国读者可通过Newegg购买，该平台现有测试过的256MiB版本库存充足，售价99.99美元，链接在此。

GeForce 6600 DDR2与6600 GT售价持平，或仅贵15美元（6600 GT），而Radeon X1300 PRO在Newegg平台同样供应充足，价格区间介于83美元至S27 256MiB型号的99.99美元之间。

S3官网ats3graphics.com未提及硬件保修期，Newegg的产品页面同样未作说明。更多信息将持续更新。

HEXUS.awards与HEXUS.right2reply观点

对S3 Graphics Chrome S27当前状态的评价相当明确。在同等或更低价位区间，ATI和NVIDIA均有更优产品可选。尽管如此直言令人遗憾——毕竟中低端消费市场若能涌现更多竞争者将大有裨益——但现实确是如此。相较于两大巨头的现有产品，S3 Graphics似乎还需再等上一代产品周期，才能推出值得考虑的解决方案。

该产品在DirectX着色器模型方面落后，无法匹敌NVIDIA和ATI（尤其是后者）显卡的绝对画质表现，存在本不该出现的驱动程序缺陷，而对目标市场而言最关键的是——其性价比尚未达标。

虽然该显卡本身售价55英镑/99美元看似便宜，但Radeon X1300 PRO不仅价格相当甚至更低，性能相当，驱动更完善，画质可能更优，且在多GPU模式下扩展性更佳。

该GPU本身功耗极低，主要得益于其微型尺寸和制造工艺，其散热方案也相当出色。但即便这些优势足以吸引潜在买家，该产品在美国和远东地区以外仍基本缺货。

MultiChrome技术效果不及SLI或Crossfire，使得购置第二块显卡成为遥不可及的设想。最后，尽管具备出色的软件可调性，当前视频播放仍存在缺陷，未能达到竞争对手的水准。

遗憾的是，开放策略未能在Chrome S27和MultiChrome上获得预期反响，我们只能静待下一代产品，看其能否推出更具竞争力的方案。

据我们从S3处获悉，他们在Vista时代（具体时间尚不明确）和D3D10领域准备了相当出色的方案，但不便透露过多细节，尤其不能公开讨论。我们提醒S3：若下一代硬件真如我们所期待般出色，成为值得考虑的第三家3D独立显卡厂商，务必确保驱动程序及配套软件不再存在当前版本的粗糙缺陷。

因此这款产品虽显著优于旧代GammaChrome系列，却未能在同价位区间内突破性地挑战竞争对手（且后者市场覆盖率远超前者）。

遗憾的是，其芯片与软件缺陷过多，我们无法推荐。

HEXUS 奖项

HEXUS 回应权

HEXUS 允许受测硬件厂商对评测文章发表评论。若 S3 Graphics 选择回应免息炒股配资，我们将原样刊登其声明。

发布于：辽宁省